Africa’s continental democracy framework turns 20 in 2027, but implementation remains uneven. While 46 states have signed the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG) and 39 have ratified it, only Togo and Rwanda have submitted the reports required under Article 49. The article examines this implementation and accountability gap and argues for stronger reporting and monitoring to help the AU identify governance risks and strengthen conflict prevention.
This article was originally published by ISS Africa on 14 September 2026. View here